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A mysterious atom created in a blazing fireball at an atom smasher is misbehaving , a Modern experimentation show .
The mote , call in a charm quark cheese , revealed surprising interactions with its neighboring subatomic particles , measurements show . That find could improve scientists ' discernment of the conditions that existed before long afterthe Big Bang , when the universe was permeated by a primaeval soup of elementary particles , and possibly show hint of physics beyond what scientists know today . [ Wacky Physics : The Coolest Little Particles in Nature ]
Brookhaven Lab physicist Flemming Videbaek during installation of the Heavy Flavor Tracker at the STAR detector at RHIC, a particle collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. New insights from the experiment reveal that charm quarks may interact more with the quark-gluon plasma than previously thought.
The surprising charm - quark behaviour was first spotted at Brookhaven National Laboratory’sRelativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC ) in Upton , New York , which aims to quicken condition in the trillionths of a second after the Big Bang . The paint to the new observance is the Heavy Flavor Tracker ( HFT ) , a set of late installed ultrasensitive photodetectors alike to those in digital cameras . Using the HFT , for the first sentence , researchers now appraise the behavior of magical spell quark cheese as they emerge from the trillion - degree ball of fire intend to recreate the existence ’s first consequence .
To recreate these primeval condition , the RHIC firesgold atomsat one another at almost the speed of light . As they collide , the atoms break up into a soup of elementary , liberal - flowing particles known as a quark - gluon plasm . quark cheese make up more intimate particles , like protons and neutrons , while gluons are the carrier of the firm nuclear force that concur the quark together .
The mensuration tell the physicists whether their models of fields that obligate together quarks and gluons , based on a theory call off quantum chromodynamics , are correct , grant to a young study detailing the finding .
" you could study how atomic medium behaves and functions at these in high spirits temperatures , " Brookhaven National Laboratory physicist Flemming Videbaek , a coauthor of the study , tell Live Science .
Heavy interactions
quark and their antimatter counterpart come in six smorgasbord , known to physicist as " flavor " : up , down , top , bottom , unusual and charm . They have different masses ; the up and down quarks that make up protons and neutron are the light . appeal quark are the third heavy , behind top quark . They never forge in average condition on Earth ; a molecule atom smasher is necessary to make them . [ 7 Strange Facts About Quarks ]
AlbertEinstein ’s famous vitamin E = mc2 equationsays energy and mass are the same thing , and when the atomic nucleus clash in the RHIC , the Department of Energy is so great that it creates heavier , exotic particles , such as magical spell quarks .
One of the particles formed by this fiery collision is the D - zero , made up of a magic spell quark and an anti - up quark . The D - zeros travel for a fraction of a millimetre before they crumble and become two other particles : kaon andpions . It ’s the kaons and pions that the experimenters actually " see " with the HFT .
What surprise the investigator was that the flow of quark - gluon plasma caught the heavy five hundred - zero particles . The football game - shaped fireball emitted more vitamin D - nought from the wider part than from the ends , rather than in an evenly circularise room . premature models predict that the D - zero , which stop the heavy appeal quark cheese , was too massive to interact with the quark and gluons in the plasma . agree to those models , its flock would mean the D - zero barreled out too quickly , before the blood plasma ’s force could act on it , and the plasm would not last long enough to produce much interaction .
rather , the quark - gluon plasma has a gloomy viscosity ; if it were a fluid , it would flow freely , Videbaek said .
" The fact that it has a dispirited viscosity means that it interact [ with the particles ] quite a bit , " Videbaek state . That means " some of the fashion model were quite far off . "
In addition to aid scientist elaborate their model , the magical spell quark cheese revealed more details about how the quark - gluon plasma behaves . Knowing more about what such plasmas in reality do helps scientist understand what to look for if they look for out new physical laws , and help them empathise the implications of the single they know already .
In future experiments , the team hopes to benefit insight into the behavior of other hard and rare particles made up of quark cheese , such as the B ( or " beauty " ) meson , which is made of a bottom quark and one of its swooning cousins , Videbaek said .
The study was print May 26 in the journalPhysical Review Letters .
Originally published onLive scientific discipline .
