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" Every sperm cell is sacred . Every sperm cell is great . If a sperm is wasted , God gets quite irate , " start the song from Monty Python ’s movieThe Meaning of Life . If the lyric strike you as funny , it ’s most likely because forebode a sperm cell " hallowed " sounds ludicrous when humans can bring forth so many of them .
In fact , the average male person will produce roughly 525 billion sperm cell cells over a lifetime and shed at least one billion of them per month . A healthy grownup male person can release between 40 million and 1.2 billionsperm cellsin a unmarried ejaculation .
One word sums up the number of sperm released during sex: competition.
In dividing line , women are born with an average 2 million egg follicles , the reproductive structure that give rise to eggs . By pubescence , a majority of those follicles close up and only about 450 will ever release mature egg for fertilization .
But if it only take one sperm and one orchis to meet and create a babe , then why do mankind produce such a whopping number of sperm ? Would n’t it be less wasteful for a man to release a single sperm , or at least few , to meet one egg ?
The reason for this predicament boil down to two words : sperm contest . Since the cockcrow of the sexes , males have vied with each other to get as many of their own spermnear a productive eggas possible . Getting more of your sperm closer to an orchis mean there is a with child chance that it will be you and not your neighbor fertilizing it .
This kind of competition is an evolutionary imperative for males of any species . If a contender ’s sperm fertilize an testicle , then an opportunity to pass on your factor is lost . Through many generation , as the reproductive foil continually go to the high spermatozoan producers , their factor are overtake on . The gene of the little sperm producer are finally weed out of the universe and become a footnote to evolutionary history .
But if it was just a matter of " more is better , " then creature of all species would have evolve ridiculously large bollock in a bid to overwhelm the competition . But it ’s not quite that unproblematic — number are important , but so is propinquity . inseminate an egg is not just about how much sperm you may produce . It is also about how close you get your spermatozoon to it .
In the other 1980s , investigator in the United Kingdom and the United States realise that both proximity and number were important factors in the physiology of primates , include mankind . In primate society with rigid social anatomical structure and one dominant male who mates with all the females , testes trend towards the modest . In gorillas , for representative , they are very small relative to body weight . ( Do n’t tell them that . ) In Gorilla gorilla society , one male person defends a harem of females to ensure only his spermatozoan gets anywhere near their egg . In this case , making a lot of sperm does n’t really help the manful Gorilla gorilla get the Book of Job done .
For chimpanzees , on the other hand , spermatozoan rival is a serious issue . In chimpanzee society , many males and females live together in large troops , and females have sex with many male person in a short span of clip . This is why male chimpanzees possess the largest testes of all the cracking aper , weigh in roughly 15 times larger than gorillas , proportional to their body system of weights . This apply them a good shot at deluge out the competition .
Human male fall somewhere in between gorillas and chimpanzee . The modal man ’s egg are roughly two and a one-half times as big as a Gorilla gorilla ’s but six times humble than a chimp ’s , proportional to consistence weight . This has led some researchers to question whether sperm competition was ever at work in human societies , or whether our relatively tumid testes are just a hold over from an earliest period in our evolutionary chronicle .
This reply is provided byScienceline , a project of New York University ’s Science , Health and Environmental Reporting Program .
